| [🛈Start+] | [🥋Trad. Taekwon-Do+] | [🧮Mathematik] | [📙Forschung & Lehre+] | [🐧GNU/Linux+] |
| [🔑Impressum+] | [🛀Autogenes Training+] | [💡Physik] | [⚙️Technik+] | [💾Progs: C+++] |
| Sprache: 🇩🇪 | [♟️Schach] | [🔭Astronomie] | [📜LATEX] | [🕹️Spiele+] |
| | |
| [🐧GNU/Linux] | [📀Installation: G/L] | [📂Konfigs: G/L] | [🖬Ältere G/L-e] | [⚠️Sicherheitsprobleme] |
Title: The Vibrant Tapestry of Indian Culture and Lifestyle: A Rich Heritage of Diversity and Tradition
Introduction
Indian culture and lifestyle are a dynamic and diverse reflection of the country's rich history, geography, and population. With a civilization dating back over 5,000 years, India has evolved into a vibrant tapestry of traditions, customs, and ways of life. From the snow-capped Himalayas to the sun-kissed beaches of Goa, India's cultural landscape is a fascinating blend of ancient heritage and modernity. This paper aims to explore the various facets of Indian culture and lifestyle, highlighting its unique characteristics, challenges, and contributions to the world.
Diversity of Indian Culture
Indian culture is characterized by its incredible diversity, with 22 official languages, over 1,600 dialects, and a plethora of customs and traditions. The country is home to numerous ethnic groups, each with their distinct culture, dress, and cuisine. The four main regions of India - North, South, East, and West - have their unique cultural identities, shaped by their history, geography, and climate.
Traditional Indian Lifestyle
Indian lifestyle is deeply rooted in tradition and cultural values. The country has a strong family system, with joint families being a common phenomenon. Respect for elders, tradition, and community is deeply ingrained in Indian society. Daily life in India is often characterized by:
Modern Trends and Challenges
While traditional Indian lifestyle is still prevalent, modern trends and challenges are transforming the country's culture and way of life. Some of these trends and challenges include:
Conclusion
Indian culture and lifestyle are a rich and vibrant reflection of the country's diverse heritage and traditions. While modern trends and challenges are transforming Indian society, the country remains committed to its cultural values and traditions. As India continues to grow and evolve, it is essential to preserve its cultural heritage while embracing modernity and innovation. By promoting cross-cultural understanding and exchange, India can share its unique culture and lifestyle with the world, enriching global cultural diversity.
Recommendations
References
Review: Supermodel: Defenders of Desire Supermodel: Defenders of Desire
is a standalone adult visual novel and erotic mystery-thriller that blends high-stakes superhero lore with an optional collectible card game (CCG). Developed by the creator of Long Live the Princess
, the game moves away from that title's open-ended sandbox style to deliver a more focused, linear narrative centered on intrigue, passion, and the complexities of desire. The Story: Heroes Under Fire
The world is losing faith in its protectors. Once celebrated as icons, superheroes now face a tide of suspicion and mistrust.
: The game takes place in New York City, where a struggling superhero organization called is fighting to maintain its relevance and public image. Protagonist : You play as Michael Sharpe
, a photographer down on his luck who receives an unexpected recruitment offer from Anna Morgenstern, the enigmatic leader of STALWART. The Mission
: Initially tasked with capturing the "essence" of these heroes to restore their public reputation, Michael soon discovers a deeper web of secrets and dark forces determined to stop him. Gameplay and Mechanics Unlike many "stroker" games, Supermodel
prioritizes slow-burn storytelling and suspense over constant nudity. Hybrid Experience
: It functions as a linear visual novel but includes a deep, optional collectible card game
system. Players can choose "Pure VN Mode" to skip the card game elements entirely without missing the core story. Lore Database
: Newer versions, such as Update 7.1, include an extensive in-game database that unlocks lore entries and card game guides as you progress.
: The creator describes it as a serious "mystery-thriller" with an "erotic core" rather than a lighthearted comedy. Version 1.1.0 and Beyond
While the game has seen numerous updates—including the public release of Update 7.1
—early versions like v1.1.0 established the foundational mechanics and first story scenarios. Completion Tracking
: Progress is tracked through character scenarios; when a scenario has a green checkmark, it is complete. Platform Support : The game is available for PC, Mac, and Android tablets.
For more information or to support development, you can visit the Official Patreon Page or specific character lore found in the STALWART database?
Supermodel: Defenders of Desire - The First Release - Patreon 9 Sept 2024 —
Introduction
In the world of Supermodel: Defenders of Desire, beauty and strength collide in a game of strategy, fashion, and combat. Developed by a renowned game studio, this tactical RPG brings a fresh spin to the genre, combining stunning visuals with engaging gameplay. The latest version, v1.1.0, offers an enhanced experience, boasting new features, improvements, and a more immersive narrative.
Storyline
The game takes place in a dystopian future where the world is controlled by powerful corporations that value physical appearance above all else. Players take on the role of a group of supermodels who possess extraordinary abilities, known as "Defenders of Desire." These talented individuals must band together to resist the oppressive regime, uncover the secrets behind their powers, and fight for a brighter future.
Gameplay Features
New Features in v1.1.0
Key Characters
Art and Audio
The game's art style is a fusion of anime and Western comic book aesthetics, with vibrant colors, detailed textures, and dynamic effects. The soundtrack features a diverse range of genres, from electronic dance music to orchestral scores, perfectly capturing the game's energetic and fashionable atmosphere.
System Requirements
Conclusion
Supermodel: Defenders of Desire - v1.1.0 offers a captivating blend of strategy, fashion, and action, set in a richly detailed world. With its engaging gameplay, memorable characters, and stunning visuals, this game is a must-play for fans of tactical RPGs and fashion games alike. Join the fight against the oppressive regime and experience the thrill of becoming a Defender of Desire.
Supermodel: Defenders of Desire is a narrative-driven erotic mystery-thriller that blends visual novel elements with strategic collectible card game (CCG) mechanics. Developed by Belle (known for Long Live the Princess), the game shifts away from open-ended sandboxes toward a structured, linear story focused on superhero lore, intrigue, and slow-burn romance. Core Premise & Storyline
Set in a reimagined New York City, the world has begun to lose faith in its traditional protectors. Amidst growing public suspicion, STALWART, a superhero organization, is struggling to maintain its heroic image.
Players step into the shoes of Michael Sharpe, a down-on-his-luck photographer recruited by the enigmatic leader of STALWART, Anna Morgenstern. Your primary task is to capture the "essence" of these superheroes through your lens to restore their public image. However, as Michael delves deeper into the lives of these flawed, beautiful heroes, he discovers a web of dark forces and hidden desires that suggest his recruitment was far from random. Gameplay Mechanics
Linear Visual Novel: Unlike the developer's previous titles, Supermodel focuses on a cinematic, thriller-style narrative where suspense builds over time.
Collectible Card Game (CCG): The game features an optional but important card-battling component. This system includes strategic battles, and as of version 1.1.0 and beyond, players can access an in-game database for rules and tactical guides.
Slow-Burn Erotica: The game is described as a "serious story with an erotic core.". Early versions focus on building tension and character depth, with explicit scenes becoming easier to replay once unlocked through progression. Key Features in Version 1.1.0 and Updates
Version 1.1.0 and its subsequent mini-revisions (like 1.1.1 or 7.1 "Database Update") have introduced several quality-of-life and content enhancements:
In-Game Lore Database: A comprehensive library accessible from the main menu, containing vast amounts of world-building lore and card game instructions.
Unlockable Entries: Lore entries are automatically unlocked as you progress through the story, meaning returning players don't have to replay chapters to fill their database.
Atmospheric Music & Art: Recent updates have added new story chapters and atmospheric soundtracks to heighten the thriller aspect. Development Status
The game is currently in active development, with new content released periodically via Belle's Patreon. While early versions emphasize suspense, later updates continue to expand the romantic branches and the complexity of the superhero world.
Supermodel: Defenders of Desire - The First Release - Patreon
The patch notes didn’t mention the screaming.
v1.1.0 promised “enhanced emotional resonance” and “optimized desire collision physics.” It did not warn that the mannequins in the Metaverse Fashion District would start whispering your worst breakup back to you.
My name is Kaelen Voss, and I was a legacy hire. At twenty-six, I’d walked exactly three runways before the Glitch. Now, I’m ranked number four on the Desire Defense Force leaderboard. My weapon? A seventeen-foot train made of liquid starlight that weighs exactly 240 pounds but moves like a sigh.
“Eyes up, Voss.” Commander Mira’s hologram flickered across my contact lens. Behind her, the servers of Haute Monde were collapsing into a singularity of forgotten trends. “We’ve got a Cascade in Sector 7. Someone’s unrequited crush on a barista just manifested as a sixty-foot influencer made of teeth.”
I cinched my belt. In v1.0, we fought with posing. Walk-offs, smize-offs, the occasional stiletto throw. But v1.1.0 changed the rules. Now, desire has mass. And the only thing that stops a runaway fantasy is a better one.
“Deploying,” I said, and stepped off the skyscraper.
Falling through the layers of the Sim is the only time I feel real. The ad-blimps whiz past—perfume bottles that weep real tears, jeans that promise to fill the void in your father’s heart. Then I hit the turbulence. The air smells like burnt caramel and regret. Supermodel- Defenders of Desire -v1.1.0-
Sector 7 was a wedding chapel. Or it had been. Now, it was a cathedral of thorns, each rose the size of a car, each petal inscribed with a different unmet expectation. And there, in the nave, the Cascade: a towering figure in a bleeding-crimson gown, its face a mosaic of every person who’d ever said “maybe.”
Its voice was a thousand voicemails left on read. “You’re not enough. You’re too much. You’re a placeholder.”
My heart hammered. That was the new feature. v1.1.0 made the Cascades personal. This one was feeding on my fear of mediocrity.
I planted my heels. The starlight train unfurled behind me, humming. “Wrong,” I said, projecting from my diaphragm the way Mama taught me before she deleted herself from the cloud. “I’m a supermodel. Which means I’m a mirror. And you, darling, are afraid of being seen.”
The Cascade lunged.
A walk-off is a negotiation. But a v1.1.0 Desire Duel is a confession. I didn’t strike. I posed. Each stance, a memory. The slouch from my first failed audition. The sharp turn from the time I was told I had “the right face but the wrong hunger.” I let the Cascade taste my authentic lack.
It hesitated. Because here’s the secret: desire isn’t greed. Desire is the shape of an absence. And a Cascade made of other people’s wants has no self of its own.
I took one step forward. The starlight train coiled around the creature’s ankle. “You are not the thing they wanted,” I whispered. “You are the thing they were too afraid to want badly enough.”
The Crimson Gown screamed—a beautiful, hollow sound—and shattered into a million cherry blossom petals. The chapel flickered back into a quiet café. The barista looked up, confused, and smiled at a nervous customer in the corner.
Desire, healed.
Commander Mira’s voice returned, flat. “Cascade neutralized. Emotional bleed-off: negligible. But Kaelen…” A pause. “Your biometrics flagged a secondary spike. What did you take from it?”
I looked at my hand. A single black rose petal had adhered to my palm. It wasn't dissolving. In v1.0, the residue always faded. This was new.
“Version 1.1.0,” I said, closing my fingers. “They didn’t just make the enemies smarter. They made them sticky.”
Mira’s silence lasted a full three seconds. Then: “Debrief in twenty. And Kaelen? Don’t let it bloom.”
But it was already too late. Beneath my skin, I could feel a new desire taking root. Not for fame. Not for love.
For more.
And for the first time, I wasn’t sure if that made me the defender—or the next patch note.
Supermodel: Defenders of Desire is an Adult Visual Novel (AVN) that blends fashion industry drama with high-stakes supernatural conflict. Version 1.1.0 serves as a "bonus update" focused on world-building and accessibility, bridging the gap between major story arcs. Key Features of v1.1.0
Integrated Lore Database: A new, extensive in-game database accessible via the main and game menus. It tracks narrative lore, character backstories, and the evolving mythology of the "Defenders".
Card Game Rulebook: Comprehensive rules and strategy guides for the internal mini-game are now housed within the database, allowing players to master the tactical elements of the card system.
Dynamic Entry Unlocking: Lore entries unlock automatically as you progress through the story. Players with existing save files will find previously earned lore already unlocked without needing to replay sections.
Visual Enhancements: Version 1.1.0 continues the trend of updating legacy assets, including improved lighting, higher frame-rate animations for key story sequences, and revamped character renders to maintain visual consistency with newer chapters. Narrative Core
The game follows a protagonist navigating the glamorous yet cutthroat world of high fashion. However, the "Defenders of Desire" subtitle hints at the darker, hidden layer where characters must protect their values—and lives—against supernatural influences or conspiratorial rivals. Gameplay Mechanics
Visual Novel Storytelling: Heavy focus on branching dialogue paths and relationship management with a diverse cast of models and industry figures.
Strategic Card Battles: A tactical card game that integrates into the narrative, used to resolve conflicts or progress through specific challenges. Supermodel Update 7.1 - This Is My Show (Database Update)
Indian culture is a vibrant mosaic of ancient traditions and modern lifestyles, deeply rooted in values like hospitality, spiritual diversity, and social interdependence
. Whether you are exploring its regional aesthetics or social structures, here are the key pillars that define the Indian way of life: Core Values and Social Fabric "Atithi Devo Bhava"
: This central tenet translates to "The Guest is God," reflecting the profound importance of hospitality and warmth toward others. Social Interdependence
: Unlike individualistic societies, Indian life is centered on belonging to groups—families, clans, and religious communities—creating a deep sense of inseparability. Joint Family System
: A long-standing tradition where multiple generations—grandparents, parents, and children—live together under one roof, usually led by the eldest member. Traditions and Daily Rituals Namaskar or Namaste Title: The Vibrant Tapestry of Indian Culture and
is the most iconic gesture, symbolizing respect and a recognition of the divine in others. Ritual Marks : Practices like applying a (ritual mark on the forehead) or wearing a are common expressions of veneration and cultural identity. Respect for Elders
: Humility and showing respect to the elderly are universal values across all Indian states and towns. Lifestyle and Aesthetics Regional Diversity
: From the nomadic herdsmen of the north to the urban tradesmen in modern metros, lifestyle varies significantly by geography and occupation. Traditional Attire : Clothing like the Salwar Kameez
are not just garments but reflections of regional and religious identity. Cuisine and Arts
: The culture is celebrated through a rich heritage of classical music (like Sitar and Tabla) and diverse cuisines that vary from town to town. Ministry of Culture For more in-depth exploration, the Ministry of Culture
provides extensive resources on India's music, dance, and traditional values. Ministry of Culture traditional Indian architecture
Supermodel: Defenders of Desire -v1.1.0- | The Ultimate Guide to the Latest Update
The intersection of high fashion and tactical RPG mechanics has found its niche in Supermodel: Defenders of Desire. With the release of the v1.1.0 update, the developers have refined the experience, balancing the "runway" aesthetics with deeper strategic gameplay. Whether you are a returning veteran or a curious newcomer, here is everything you need to know about the latest version. What is Supermodel: Defenders of Desire?
At its core, Supermodel: Defenders of Desire is a unique genre-blend that tasks players with managing a roster of elite "Supermodels" who double as mystical warriors. Your goal is to protect the essence of "Desire" from encroaching shadows that seek to turn the world into a monotonous, gray void.
The game combines resource management, turn-based combat, and visual novel storytelling. What’s New in v1.1.0?
Version 1.1.0 isn't just a bug-fix patch; it’s a significant content drop that addresses community feedback and expands the endgame. 1. The "Haute Couture" Skill Tree
Previously, character progression felt a bit linear. v1.1.0 introduces the Haute Couture Skill Tree, allowing players to specialize their models into three distinct archetypes:
The Vanguard (Tank): Focuses on "Presence" to draw enemy fire.
The Trendsetter (Support): Buffs allies using "Aura" mechanics.
The Icon (DPS): Delivers devastating critical strikes based on "Style" stacks. 2. New Location: The Midnight Gala
Players can now unlock a new biome: The Midnight Gala. This neon-soaked environment features higher-level enemies and exclusive drops used for crafting Tier 5 equipment. 3. Quality of Life (QoL) Improvements
Fast-Travel Map: Navigating the Studio hub is now instantaneous.
Inventory Sorting: You can now filter gear by "Chic," "Edgy," or "Classic" attributes.
Revised RNG: The gacha mechanics for recruiting new defenders have been adjusted to include a "pity system" after 30 unsuccessful pulls. Gameplay Mechanics: Mastering the Runway
To succeed in v1.1.0, you need to master the Dual-Phase Combat System:
The Stance Phase: Before attacking, you must choose a "Pose." Different poses grant defensive bonuses or set up elemental combos.
The Execution Phase: Using your action points (AP) to unleash abilities. In v1.1.0, comboing attacks between different models triggers a "Couture Finish," a cinematic board-clearer that deals massive damage. Management and Bonding
Between battles, you spend time in the Design Studio. Developing relationships with your defenders through dialogue choices unlocks "Sync Attacks." Version 1.1.0 adds ten new social events per character, deepening the lore behind the Defenders of Desire. Technical Performance and Compatibility
The v1.1.0 update has been optimized for mid-range PCs and mobile devices. File Size: Approximately 1.2 GB.
Optimization: Improved frame rates during high-particle effect sequences (especially during "Desire Awakened" modes).
Bug Fixes: Resolved the notorious "Infinity Loading" screen that plagued the v1.0.8 version during the Chapter 3 transition. Final Verdict
Supermodel: Defenders of Desire -v1.1.0- proves that the developers are listening to their player base. By adding strategic depth to the stylish exterior, the game has evolved from a visual novelty into a robust RPG. If you enjoy games like Persona or Arknights but want a flavor that leans into the high-stakes world of fashion and fantasy, this update is the perfect time to jump in.
How to Update: Simply launch your game client, and the v1.1.0 patch should trigger automatically. Ensure you have backed up your save files if you are using third-party mods!
Role: Burst Damage / Lane Control
Why she wins: Aurora’s passive, “First Light,” was buffed by 40% in v1.1.0. When placed on the central catwalk panel, she ignores 30% of the enemy’s apathy shield. Her ultimate, Supernova Stride, now triggers a "Desire Echo," damaging adjacent lanes.
The Indian home is rarely quiet. You wake up not to an alarm, but to the sound of the pressure cooker whistling and the milk boiling over. North India : Known for its rich cultural
Role: Support / Resource Generator
Controversy: Viktor was nerfed in the 1.1.0 beta but re-buffed at launch. His "Luxury Tax" ability now stuns enemies for 1.5 seconds whenever a nearby ally crits. He is mandatory for the new "Wealth Meta."
Role: Tank / Disruptor
The Newcomer: Vanya breaks the rules. Instead of walking the runway, she stomps it. She has no ranged attack. Instead, she body-blocks enemies and her passive, Nordic Desire, reflects 25% of incoming damage back as emotional confusion (a unique DoT).
![[Grafik mit TuX und GNU als Maskottchen von GNU/Linux]](https://jmb-edu.de/images/tux_gnu_jmb_2026.gif)
# Herunterladen des Images (siehe Xubuntu: bionic‑release) und Hashwerte:
wget cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/xubuntu-18.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso
wget cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/bionic/release/SHA256SUMS
# Überprüfen des heruntergeladenen Images:
sha256sum -c SHA256SUMS 2>&1 | grep OK
# -> bionic-desktop-amd64.iso: OK
# Herausfinden des Devices zum USB-Stick (hier: sdf):
sudo fdisk -l
# Bootbares Kopieren des Images auf den Stick:
sudo dd if=path/bionic-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdf
![[Wikipedia-de-Icon]](https://jmb-edu.de/images/Wikipedia_logo_de.gif){kind=logo}
Zeitzone / Timezone:
Central Europe /
Berlin;UTC;grub2, der nach Suchlauf
der angeschlossenen Platten die gefundenen Betriebssysteme
in eine Auswahlliste einträgt.
Der Bootloader wird meist auf der ersten Festplatte installiert:
/dev/sda1.
Nur eine Distribution hat diesen installiert –
und auf dieser befindet sich in der Datei /boot/grub/grub.cfg die Konfiguration.
Da diese Datei automatisch erzeugt wird, sollte man
immer eine Kopie anlegen,
wenn man diese editieren möchte ... in meinem Fall
ist dies auch nötig.
Die von mir gewählte Grub‑Distribution (zumeist
die letzte LTS‑Version von Xubuntu,
die aber nicht die aktuell verwendete ist)
mounte ich auf allen anderen Betriebssystempartitionen
unter dem Mountpoint:
/grb.
# Editieren der Konfiguration unter der Grub‑Distribution:
sudo vi /boot/grub/grub.cfg # Verlassen mit ":wq!", da die Datei readonly ist (d.h. besitzt nur Leserechte)!
# Neuinstallation von grub, wenn dieser überschrieben wurde (nur von Grub‑Distro aus möglich):
sudo grub-install /dev/sda
# Automatisches Erzeugen einer neuen Grub-Konfiguration (ggf. besser eine selbst erstellte anpassen):
sudo update-grub # bzw.: "sudo update-grub2"
# Markieren der gewählten Distro durch ein FS-Label:
sudo tune2fs /dev/sda10 -L "Xubun_Xenial_GRB"
# Infos zum FS-Eintrag (UUID, Label etc.):
sudo blkid # -> <Label_GRB> + <UUID_GRB>
# Eintragen des Mountpoints /grb auf allen anderen Distros und diesen erzeugen:
sudo vi /etc/fstab -> Einfügen der Zeile (mit "UUID=<UUID_GRB>"):
UUID=da330e23-dae1-4fed-a7a9-7d704e376aa5 /grb ext4 noauto,user,exec,suid,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0
sudo mkdir /grb # -> Nach Mounten des frisch angelegten Mountpoints ist hier nun die Grub-Distro eingeklinkt:
mount /grb
sudo vi /grb/boot/grub/grub.cfg # Verlassen mit ":wq!", da die Datei readonly ist (d.h. besitzt nur Leserechte)!
sudo cp -p /grb/boot/grub/grub.cfg /grb/boot/grub/grub_v00.cfg # Sicherungskopie mit Versionsnummer!
![[Synaptic Package Manager]](https://jmb-edu.de/images/synaptic.jpg)
# synaptic ist nicht vorinstalliert und wird nun mit `Quick filter' installiert:
sudo apt install synaptic apt-xapian-index
sudo update-apt-xapian-index -vf
# Danach kann der GUI-Paketmanager aufgerufen werden
# (über: >>alias myupdate='sudo synaptic'<<):
myupdate # Auswählen zum Deinstallieren: vim-tiny, update-manager-core {dies deinstalliert auch:
# flashashplugin-installer, ttf-mscorefonts-installer und update-notifier-common}
# Neue Paketlisten, Update all, danach zusätzlich selektiv:
# Auswahl zum Installieren: vim + vim-doc + vim-ctrlp + vim-scripts + vim-latexsuite, csh, tcsh, sash, ksh, zsh, ...
# xpaint, kolourpaint, gdisk, disktype, xfce4-goodies, xfwm4-themes, xpenguins, xsnow, ...
# lsb-core, libfreeimage3, shutter, xscreensaver [inkl. extras and gl-part], cdtool, a2ps, eog (+ plugins), ...
# rocksndiamonds (da hier Installation abgebrochen wird zum Nachfragen), mp3info, easytag, ...
# mp3diags, mp3check, okular, evince, mupdf, htop, conky-all, lm-sensors, hddtemp, smartmontools, ...
# ispell, ibritish, iogerman, ingerman, detox, xsane, zoomer, gdisk, disktype, scrounge-ntfs, ...
# Ausführen lassen ...
# Generell nach größeren Updates das System bereinigen
# (über: >>alias myaptclr='sudo apt-get clean; sync; echo " * 1 - clean - done"; sudo apt-get autoclean; sync; echo " * 2 - autoclean - done"; sudo apt-get autoremove --purge; sync; echo " * 3 - autoremove - done"; sudo dpkg --configure --pending; sync; echo " * 4 - configure-pending - done (in case: >dpkg-reconfigure package<)"'<<):
myaptclr
# 0) Abfrage der KDE Desktop Plasma-version:
KDE-Symbol (links oben/unten) – Applications – System – Info Center
# Z.B. 5.20.3 - KDE Neon (auf 20.04), 5.19.5 - Kubuntu 20.10 STS `Groovy',
5.18.5 - Kubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal, 5.12.9 - Kubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic
Konsole (d.h. im Prompt einer Shell/CLI):
plasmashell --version # z.B. plasmashell 5.20.2
kf5-config --version # z.B. Qt: 5.15.0 & KDE Frameworks: 5.75.0 & kf5-config: 1.0
...
# 1) KDE-Einstellung (d.h. DE):
KDE-Symbol (links oben/unten) – Computer – System Settings –
unter Appearance:
– Fonts, Force font dpi: 170 (bei 4k 28|31" - 92 Default zu klein);
– Icons – Breeze (notgedrungen lassen, da Humanity kein `Edit' hat)
– Cursors – get new Cursors: 1) Oxygen 02 Vibrant Orange; 2) Oxygen 05 Vibrant Red [Default]
unter Workspace: Window Management – Focus-Reiter:
– Windows activity policy: Focus Follow Mous {auswählen} – Apply {rechts unten}, Delay focus by [300 ms] Default lassen,
Focus stealing prevention: [Low] Default lassen, Raising windows: [Rise on hover, delayed by: [750 ms] Default lassen
unter Workspaces: Workplaces Behaviour –
– Screen Locking – deactivate 2x "After ..." – Apply
– Virtual Desktops – Add: ... Anzahl und Benennung der VDs, bei mir 8
unter Workspaces: Startup & Shutdown –
– Desktop Session: Confirm logout + Offer shutdown options + End current session + Restore previous session (4x OK)
unter Personalization: Applications –
– Default Applications – Web Browser ...
# {change the "Open http and https URLs" setting to "in the following application" and choose
# your preferred browser from the dropdown list, then apply the change}
unter Hardware: Audio – Advanced <Reiter> – 1.: ... HDMI off, 2. auf .. IEC958 .. (wenn ebenso der Computer
an einen Verstärker digital optisch mit SPDIF/TOSLINK angeschlossen wird)
unter Hardware: Power Management – Endergy Saving: Screen Energy Saving off/empty
# Ort des KDE-Panels (aka Task Bar) einstellen:
right click on panel – edit panel –
– Screen edge – Drag an Drop panel to the desired position (hier: unten -> oben)
# Im Panel angezeigte Uhr einstellen:
Right Click auf die Uhr – Configure Digital Clock –
– Appearance - Information: Show date + Show local time zone (2xOK), Display time zone as: Time zone code (OK)
– Calender: General: Show week number (OK), Available Plugins: Astronomical Events (OK)
# Hinzufügen von beliebigen Programmen in die Favorites:
# -> Auf einem KDE-Menüpunkt, das das Programm aufrufen würde, right mouse click – add to favorites.
...
# 2) Konsolenaufruf und -einstellung:
KDE-Symbol – Favorites – Konsole
in Konsole: Settings –
– Manage profiles: [New Profile] -> JMB - [Set as Default] - Apply - OK
– Switch Profile – JMB
– Edit Current Profile –
[General]: JMB, "/bin/bash -l" {login shell neccessary}, /home/jmb {Dafault OK}, 80 columns x 22 rows {for 3x3@4k};
[Appearance]: Color scheme & fonts: Black on Light Yellow – New – Edit – auf Farbe und helles braun mischen ... – Apply – OK
[Appearance]: Cursor – Color – Custom cursor color – orange (helles rot: #ff5500) – Apply – OK
[Advanced] – Custom cursor color: orange (helles rot) – Apply – OK
[Mouse] – Characters condidered part of a word when double clicking: ":@-./_~?&=%+#" -(2 raus : / )-> "@-._~?&=%+#" – Apply – OK
– Configure Konsole –
– General: Show menubar by default = off {<Strg>+<Shift>+<M>: toggle on/of menu bar in each console}
...
# 3) Einstellung ausgesuchter KDE-Programme:
# a) Okular:
KDE-Icon – Applications – Graphics – Okular {zum Aufruf; CLI: 'okular'}
Menu Bar: Settings –
– Configure Okular – Presentation – Enable Transisitions – Default transistion: Fade
– Configure Toolbar: <okular_part>
# Am besten, man gleicht ab (rein was fehlt, raus was zuviel ist):
# [allgemein werden Dinge von links (Vorrat) nach rechts (aktiv in Toolbar) gezogen, die drin sein sollen,
# rechts von oben <-> unten verschoben für Reihenfolge und ggf. von rechts nach links zum Löschen
# aus der Toolbar – hier nun mein Default in den folgenden 3 Zeilen]:
A| Text Selection – <hand> Browse – --- separator --- – Rotate Left – Rotate Right –
--- expanding spacer --- – Page Number – --- expanding spacer ---
– Fit Width – Fit Page – Zoom In – Zoom – Zoom Out
# Shortcuts von Okular:
# Strg-Pos1: goto begin document – Strg-Ende: goto end document – Strg-G: goto ...
# Alt-Shift-Left: going back – Alt-Shift-right: going forward
# Strg-M: Show Menu Bar {on <-> off} – F7: Show Sidebar – F6: Annotations
# Strg-Shift-F: Fullscreen – Strg-Shift-P: Presentation {quit by e.g. pressing Esc}
# b) kcalc
KDE-Icon – Applications – Utilities – KCalc {zum Aufruf; CLI: 'kcalc'}
Menu Bar: Settings –
– Science Mode + Constants Buttons (2x OK)
Menu Bar: Constants – Konstanten [maths:] pi, e; [electromag.:] c, e; [atom.-nucl.:] h und [thermodyn.:] k auswählen
– Configure KCalc – Colors {z.B. Foreground: Orange (#FFAA00); Background: Dunkelgrau (#545454)}
...
![[Screenshot XFCE mit Whisker und Settings Menu]](https://jmb-edu.de/images/XFCE_Whisker_Menu_und_Settings.gif)
Whisker/XFCE-Menu – All Settings (Settings) –
– [Personal] – Appearance – Fonts – DPI: 116
[Default: 96, für 28"@4k: 170 dpi, dafür
xterm – Edit-Preferences – Appearance – Font: DejaVu Sans Mono 10]
– – Window Manager:
Style – Theme: Gorilla|Retro|Fbx|TUX (vorinstalliert: Greybird bzw. Daloa)
Style – Button layou – active: links: Menu –
rechts: Minimize (Hide), Maximize, Close
(d.h. Shade in Hidden, wo bereits Stick liegt)
Focus: mode – focus follows mouse; new window focus – _NOT_ automatically
Delay before receives focus – Regler unter _r_, also ca. bei 1/3
Delay before raising focussed window – Regler unter _r_aising, d.h. 1/5
give focus to newly created windows
+ Anfang Delay-Balken unter Anfang "receives" – sonst zu schneller Wechsel
Advanced – Windows snapping – Snap windows to screen border (Def. OK) ->
Distance – Schieber nur wenige Pixel über kleinstem Small !!!
– – Desktop – Icons – Haken raus vor Home/Filesystem/Trash/RemovableDisks
– [Hardware] – Mouse and Touchpad
– Theme – redglass & Cursor size: 39
– Devices – Pointer Speed:Acceleration: 7,0 [4k]
– – Power Manager – system – suspend – never
– display – switch off after – never
– – Removable Drives and Media
– Storage – alle Haken weg (kein Mounten/Browsing)
– Multimedia – alle Haken weg (kein Auto-Playing)
– [Personal] -
– Workplaces – 4 (Default: 1)
– Panel – Row Size (pixels): 24 (Default – ggf. später erhöhen; 4k: 38),
#rows 1 (Def.; 2?) Length 100% ist OK!
– Items: ans Ende: Workplace Switcher & Action Buttons;
Power Management raus [bei Problemen mit Indicator ggf. hier erst
löschen, dann wieder aufnehmen]
-> zudem Zahnrad bei aktivem Seperator zwischen Window Buttons und
Notification Area – Expand (hook)
[sonst sind rechte Felder nicht am rechten Rand]
=> Whisker – Seperator – Places – Window Buttons – Seperator_expand
– Notofication Area – Indicator Plugin – Seperator – Clock –
Workplace Switcher – Seperator – Action Buttons
Rechtsklick auf Indicators: hidden geht nicht immer – zur Not Indicators wie
zuvor bei Panel beschrieben löschen und dann wieder mit + hinzufügen,
Message Inficator bei Hide Haken, Reboot, und dann sollte es richtig sein
(sonst ggf. durch Thundebird und Message Indicator zwei Briefumschläge –
sieht eher schlecht aus ...).
Indicator soll Lautsprecher enthalten – wenn die plötzlich weg sind wie
oben unter Panel beschrieben Indicator löschen und neu rein, hidden bei
Messages.
Soundkonfiguration richtig einstellen:
Linksklick auf Lautsprechersymbol – "Volume Control"-Windows
– Soundsettings – Configuration – 2nd Buil-in Audio: Off, 1st –
Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output
(früher?: – Output Devices – Built-in Audio Digital Stereo (HDMI) Port:
HDMI/DisplayPort (plugged in)
-> grüner Kreis mit Haken: als Fallback; Schloss: alle Kanäle mit Regler!)
Rechtsklick auf Action Button "JMB":
-> Lock Screen (– Switch User) – Log Out ... – Separator
– Restart – Shutdown (– Separator)
Rechtsklick auf Uhr in oberer Taskleiste; Clock Options – Format –
Custom Format: %0k:%M %0e.%m.%Y (%u-%V) => "13:55 28.01.2012 (6-04)"
(Default: %d %b, %H:%M),
Wenn Sekunden nicht nerven geht auch:
Custom Format: %0k:%M:%S %0e.%m.%Y (%u-%V) => "13:55:33 28.01.2012 (6-04)"
{6 = Sa., 04 ist KW} -> man date; date +%0k:%M:%S\ %0e.%m.%Y\ \(%u-%V\)
[Default Ubuntu 12.04: %A %d %B %Y/%V + %a, %d %b %H:%M]
Für Windows-Like: neben Whisker-Menu noch Places ... hier kann auch etwas
konfiguriert werden (spezielle wichtige Orte)
For Xubuntu setting Panel settings (colors, position, etc.)
Window Manager Theme: Daloa -> oder doch Gorilla !!!
sudo cp <Pfad_zu_Wallpapern>/* /usr/share/xfce4/backdrops/
![[Screenshot XFCE Panel, rechte Seite]](https://jmb-edu.de/images/XFCE_Panel_right.gif){kind=small}
Whisker/XFCE-Menu – Accessories – Terminal Emulation (zum Starten)
Click mit rechter Maustaste – im Menü `Preferences' aussuchen
– General [1. Reiter] – [Command] Run command as login shell (an-haken)
– Colors [3. Reiter]:
#000000 (text color: black)
#F2D294 (background color: light yellow)
-> or other bright tone: #E9CCA1, or brown-yellow: #EAB96F
#0F4999 (tab activity color: dark blue)
#CF1017? (cursor color: shining red)
#F48E2A (text selection background: orange)
#000000 (text selection color: black)
#467517 (bold text color: dark green)
– Appearance [2. Reiter] – Font: DejaVu Sans Mono Book 11 (HDTV)
# bei 4k stattdessen: DejaVu Sans Mono Book 10 (bei DPI setting: 170)
– Advanced [5. Reiter] – Double Click:
characters part of a word: -A-Za-z0-9.?%&#:_+@~ (3 raus: ",", "/", "=" – sonst z.B. autom. Pfad)
Default: -A-Za-z0-9,./?%&#:_=+@~
myupdate # Neue Paketliste, Update all, dann Auswahl zum Installieren:
# texlive-full, libreoffice, gimp, gnumeric, vlc, smplayer, gmerlin, mpv, xfig, imagemagic, emacs, ...
# rpm, regionset, forensics-all, powermanga, yasm, poc-streamer (mp3cut), eyeD3, k3b, brasero-cdrkit, ...
# flashplugin-nonfree-extras, adobe-flashplugin, transcode, ffmpeg, vamps, lame, get-flash-videos, ...
# frozen-bubble, supertux, supertuxkart, extremetuxracer, gnome-nibbles, open-invaders, ninvaders, ...
# xtron, gltron, pacman, njam, xinv3d, snowballz, gnome-chess, gnome-mastermind, tuxmath, unace, ...
# rar, unrar, p7zip-rar, p7zip, zip, unzip, sharutils, uudeview, mpack, arj, cabextract, ...
# file-roller, xarchiver, c, flake; pdfshuffler, pdfsam, pdftk; sox, wine, filezilla; tilp2, tiemu; ...
# stellarium, kstars + kstars-data-extre-tycho2, calibre, amarok, audacity, gfortran, ...
# fp-compiler (fp-ide, fp-doc, fp-units*, fpc +), gnuplot, maxima, galculator, wcalc, kcalc, scrot, ...
# firmware(?), screen, sketch, icedtea-8-plugin, ...
# Ausführen lassen ...
# Generell nach größeren Updates das System bereinigen (s.o.):
myaptclr
# ** Installieren von lpr und CUPS‑Wrapper nach EINSCHALTEN mit aktiver (USB- etc.) Verbindung (DCP-L8410CDW):
sudo dpkg -i --force-all dcpl8410cdwlpr-1.2.0-0.i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all dcpl8410cdwcupswrapper-1.3.0-0.i386.deb
# * Wurde das Einschalten vergessen, erst Pakete wieder löschen:
sudo dpkg -P dcpl8410cdwcupswrapper; sudo dpkg -P dcpl8410cdwlpr
# ... und dann wie zuvor nach Einschalten installieren (analog bei DCP-7055).
# –* Überprüfen der Installation (DCP-L8410CDW):
dpkg -l | grep Brother
ii dcpl8410cdwcupswrapper:i386 1.3.0-0 i386 Brother CUPS Laser Printer Driver
ii dcpl8410cdwlpr:i386 1.2.0-0 i386 Brother lpr Laser Printer Driver
# ** Installieren von lpr und CUPS-Wrapper (DCP-7055):
sudo dpkg -i --force-all dcp7055lpr-2.1.0-1.i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all cupswrapperDCP7055-2.0.4-2.i386.deb
# –* Überprüfen der Installation (DCP-7055):
dpkg -l | grep Brother
ii cupswrapperdcp7055:i386 2.0.4-2 i386 Brother DCP7055 CUPS wrapper driver
ii dcp7055lpr:i386 2.1.0-1 i386 Brother DCP-7055 LPR driver
# Ubuntu 18.04 findet den Drucker ansonsten automatisch und installiert (DCP-7055):
ii printer-driver-brlaser 4-1 amd64 printer driver for (some) Brother laser printers
ii printer-driver-ptouch 1.4.2-3 amd64 printer driver Brother P-touch label printers
# ... wobei beides funktioniert - kein Unterschied in der Qualität.
# Dennoch ggf. sinnvoll, nicht zu viele Drucker zu sehen und damit dies zu deinstallieren:
sudo dpkg -P printer-driver-brlaser
sudo dpkg -P printer-driver-ptouch
# ... das Löschen der zugehörigen CUPS-Drucker-Schlange wird im nächsten Abschnitt gezeigt.
# –* Test über das lokale CUPS-Web-Interface: http://localhost:631/printers
# (Klick auf Drucker-Name: `usb://Brother/DCP-7055?serial=???????????????' wenn OK, ohne Verbindung: `usb:/dev/usb/lp0').
# ** Installieren des Scanner-Treibers (DCP-L8410CDW & DCP-7055):
sudo dpkg -i --force-all brscan4-0.4.5-1.amd64.deb
# -* Überprüfen der Installation:
dpkg -l | grep Brother
ii brscan4 0.4.5-1 amd64 Brother Scanner Driver
# –* Bekanntmachen des Scanners (DCP-L8410CDW & DCP-7055):
sudo vi /lib/udev/rules.d/60-libsane.rules
# (vor 19.04 60-libsane1.rules, nun ohne '1')
-> Einfügen vor # The following rule will disable
Wenn ein "LABEL="libsane_rules_end"" existiert, die folgenden beiden Zeilen vor dieser Marke einfügen:
# Brother scanners
ATTRS{idVendor}=="04f9", ENV{libsane_matched}="yes"
# *- Installieren des Scanner-Settings-Datei (DCP-L8410CDW):
sudo dpkg -i brother-udev-rule-type1-1.0.2-0.all.deb
# –* Feedback zu Fehler unter Xubuntu 18.04 an Brother geschickt:
# "ls: cannot access '/etc/udev/rules.d/*.rules': No such file or directory"
# –* Ggf. bei Problemen als Administrator beim CUPS-Web-Interface:
sudo vi /etc/group # `lp:x:7:user', d.h. `user' ergänzen
# –* Ändern von falschen Defaults in CUPS:
sudo vi /etc/cups/ppd/DCPL8410CDW.ppd # (DCPL8410CDW ist durch den jeweiligen Druckernamen zu ersetzen)
# z.B. DefaultPageSize + DefaultPageRegion + DefaultImageableArea + DefaultPaperDimension: A4 (statt letter),
# DefaultBRMonoColor auf Mono (statt Auto), DefaultBRBrightness auf 20 (statt 0),
# DefaultDuplex auf DuplexNoTumble (d.h. Long-Edge_Binding – statt None)
# –* Workaround bei Fehler "`brother4:bus2;dev5`: invalid argument" (bei mir unter Xubuntu 18.04 LTS nötig):
alias xsane='cd /dev/bus/usb; sudo chmod -R guo+rw *; sync;sync;sync; cd -; /usr/bin/xsane'
# Dieser einfache `alias' ist praktischer als ein Wrapper-Script mit suid zum Aufruf von xsane!
# ** Alternatives Vorgehen Treiberinstallation & CUPS-Defaults für DCP-L8410CDW (nach Empfehlung des Brother-Supports – ändert aber nichts):
# * Wer will kann ein FW-Update machen (laut Support nicht system-kritisch):
# Drucker braucht (zumindest temporär) Netzwerkanschluss, dann im Bedienfeld-Menü:
Alle Einstellungen / Geräte Info / Firmware Update
# * Installation des Druckertreibers über das Brother-Script:
#Download von Brothers Driver Install Tool (Linux Script):
gunzip linux-brprinter-installer-*.*.*-*.gz
sudo su
# Den Aufrufparameter des Scripts von `DCP-L8410CDW' ins eigene Brother-Modell abändern:
bash linux-brprinter-installer-2.2.1-1 DCP-L8410CDW
# -> quasi alles mit `y' durchnicken, aber bei USB-Anschluss bei `"Will you specify the DeviceURI ?" einmal `n' eingeben.
# * Einstellungen der Defaults in CUPS (mindestens für das Papierformat nötig, das per Default "Letter" ausweist):
# Aufruf der lokalen CUPS-Seite, dann:
# Über Reiter "Printers" den Drucker auswählen (Click auf Namen, z.B.: DCPL8410CDW),
# In "Administration" (drow-down Menü): "Set Default Options" auswählen und dann umändern:
# Media Size: "A4",
# Two-Sided: "Long-Edge Binding" {= DuplexNoTumble},
# Color / Mono: "Mono" {Farbe wähle ich gezielt mit "Auto" aus},
# Brightness: "20" {für Farbdrucke "10" – bzw. sehr gute mit "5"}.
# und für Scanner Brother-`Vendor String' bekannt geben:
sudo vi /lib/udev/rules.d/60-libsane.rules
# am Ende der Liste, vor "LABEL="libsane_rules_end"" die beiden Zeilen einfügen:
# Brother scanners
ATTRS{idVendor}=="04f9", ENV{libsane_matched}="yes"
]
auf der Verpackung gekauft, ausgepackt und er ließ sich
nicht installieren, da er sich als CD‑ROM-Laufwerk
zu erkennen gab.
HP hatte ein Programm, um diese Identitätskrise
abzustellen, aber natürlich: nur unter Windows,
das sich nicht dran stört,
einen Drucker-Treiber einem CD‑ROM-Laufwerk zuzuordnen –
hust ... :(
Somit wanderte der Drucker (bzw. was HP
mittlerweile dafür hält) direkt zurück.
CUPS hingewiesen:
# ** Ausgabe der zur Verfügung stehenden Drucker‑Schlangen:
lpstat -p
# * Status der Drucker-Schlange DCP-7055 (nach Treiber-Löschung `printer-driver-brlaser'; siehe Brother-Treiber-Installation):
lpstat -p DCP-7055 -l
printer DCP-7055 is idle. enabled since Mi 08 Aug 2018 01:02:20 CEST
File "/usr/lib/cups/filter/rastertobrlaser" not available: No such file or directory
# * Löschen der Drucker-Schlange DCP-7055:
lpadmin -x DCP-7055
# * Status der Drucker-Schlange DCP-7055 (nach Queue-Löschung):
lpstat -p DCP-7055 -l
Invalid destination name in list "DCP-7055".
# * Ausgabe der Standard Drucker-Schlange:
lpstat -d
system default destination: DCP-7055
# * Setzen/Änderung der Default/Standard Drucker-Schlange:
lpadmin -d DCPL8410CDW
# * Überprüfen des neuen Drucker-Defaults:
lpstat -d
system default destination: DCPL8410CDW
# * Ausgabe der Optionen der Default/Standard Drucker-Schlange:
lpoptions
# * Umbenennen einer Drucker-Schlange (*** Vorsicht ***, kann Probleme geben!):
sudo vi /etc/cups/printers.conf
# -> Suche nach `<Printer' bzw. `<DefaultPrinter' und Änderung der Namen:
# DCP7055 -> DCP-7055; DCPL8410CDW -> DCP-L8410CDW.
# - Neustart CUPS:
sudo systemctl restart cups.service
# ** Ausgabe der Informationen aller Drucker-Schlangen:
lpstat -t
scheduler is running
system default destination: DCP-L8410CDW
device for DCP-7055: usb://Brother/DCP-7055?serial=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
device for DCP-L8410CDW: usb://Brother/DCP-L8410CDW%20series?serial=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
DCP-7055 accepting requests since So 25 Mär 2018 23:10:55 CEST
DCP-L8410CDW accepting requests since So 27 Mai 2018 23:41:01 CEST
printer DCP-7055 is idle. enabled since So 25 Mär 2018 23:10:55 CEST
printer DCP-L8410CDW is idle. enabled since So 27 Mai 2018 23:41:01 CEST
# Setzen von UUID und Label für ein ext4‑Dateisystem:
sudo tune2fs /dev/sda13 -U "<new-uuid-number>" -L "Nettes_LABELaa"
# Überprüfen des Ergebnisses:
sudo blkid
# *** Umgang mit USB-Stick ***
# USB-Stick in freien (und möglichst schnellen) Port einstecken, dann:
sudo fdisk -l # die ersten beiden Ausgabezeilen könnten lauten:
Disk /dev/sdf: 239 GiB, 256641603584 bytes, 501253132 sectors
Disk model: Flash Drive
# ... zumeist wir er unter /dev/sdf eingebunden, mit 1. und häufig einziger Parition /dev/sdf1.
# Will man dies leicht mounten, muss ein Mountpoint und ein Eintrag in fstab erstellt werden:
sudo mkdir /stick # 1. Windows-Austausch-Partition
sudo mkdir /stick2 # 2. Windows-Austausch-Partition
sudo mkdir /usbhdd1 # 1. Linux-Austausch-Partition (auch Stick)
sudo mkdir /usbhdd2 # 2. Linux-Austausch-Partition (USB-HDD)
sudo vi /etc/fstab # hier hinzufügen:
/dev/sdf1 /stick vfat noauto,user,exec,suid 0 0
/dev/sdf5 /stick2 vfat noauto,user,exec,suid 0 0
/dev/sdf6 /usbhdd1 ext4 noauto,user,exec,suid,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0
/dev/sdf7 /usbhdd2 ext4 noauto,user,exec,suid,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0
# Ab 128 GB habe ich mehrere Partitionen verwendet - inkl. ext4 für Dateigrößen > 2 GB;
# hier das Layout für 256 GB Sticks:
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdf bs=512 count=13 # MBR überschreiben – zur Sicherheit
sudo fdisk /dev/sdf # Vorsicht: nicht sdf1
# p - keine Ausgabe da noch leer, n - p - 1 - Enter (primary 1 ganzer Stick), Enter (Start),
# +64G, t - c (W95 FAT32) => sdf1 (1. Windows-Austauschpartition!)
# p - OK: "/dev/sdf1 1 1015 2013729 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)",
# n - e - 3× Enter => sdf2 als extended,
# n - 1× Enter - +48G, t, 5, c, => sdf5 (2. Windows-Austauschpartition!)
# n - 2× Enter => sdf6 (1. Linux-Austauschpartition!)
# w - schreiben!
sudo fdisk -l # nun OK
sudo mkfs.msdos -v /dev/sdf1 # VFAT auf 1. W.-A.-Partition anlegen
sudo mkfs.msdos -v /dev/sdf5 # VFAT auf 2. W.-A.-Partition anlegen
sudo fatlabel /dev/sdf1 JMBBCK01 # FAT-Label vergeben
sudo fatlabel /dev/sdf5 JMBBCK02 # FAT-Label vergeben
sudo mkfs.ext4 -L LinXHUS1 /dev/sdf6 # ext4 auf 1. L.-A.-Partition anlegen
sync # ... danach Stick raus ... ist fertig. :))
# Testmount/-unmount: # ... nach Wiedereinstecken ... ;)
mount /stick
cd /stick
df -k . # ... sollte fast alles frei sein ...
umount /stick # ... bitte immer alle gemounteten Partitionen unmounten – dann erst Stick ziehen.
# Backup (hier 9. Partition der 1. Festplatte, auf der sich Bionic befindet):
dd if=/dev/sda9 bs=64k | gzip -c > /usbhdd1/bck_machine1/Full_Backup_2018_Step1/Xubuntu_18_04_LTS_Bionic_Beaver_machine1_sda9_20180405234148.dd.gz
# Restore (hier das vorige Backup z.B. nach Datenverlust/Fehlkonfiguration/Updateproblemen zurück):
cat /usbhdd1/bck_machine1/Full_Backup_2018_Step1/Xubuntu_18_04_LTS_Bionic_Beaver_machine1_sda9_20180405234148.dd.gz | gzip -d | dd of=/dev/sda9 bs=64k
# Zum Superuser (root) werden wegen komplizierterer Befehls-Struktur (sonst nur sudo mit Befehl):
sudo su - # Der aktuelle User wird Superuser, wobei die Login-Umgebung hergestellt wird.
# Überprüfen des aktuellen Users:
id # Dies liefert nun: >>uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)<<
# Backup mit tar und automatisches Rückspielen auf USB-Platte:
tar cf - /home2/ | (cd /usbhdd2/machine/home2; tar xvf -)
# Restore der Sicherung von USB-Platte auf neue Platte:
tar cf - /usbhdd2/machine/home2 | (cd /home2; tar xvf -)
# Ggf. mit `mv' zum Verschieben und `rmdir' zum Löschen von Verzeichnissen die Struktur wieder wie gewünscht anpassen.
# Verlassen der Superuser-Umgebung (nie vergessen!!!):
exit
# Formatieren einer Partition (hier sda10) mit ext4 und bestimmtem Label und UUID:
sudo mkfs.ext4 -L "EMPTY_FS" -U "affe0000-0000-6660-0666-000666000000" /dev/sda10
# Neues Setzen von Label und UUID unter Bewahren der Daten:
sudo tune2fs /dev/sda10 -U <new-uuid-number> -L "Nettes_LABELaa"
# Überprüfen von UUID und Label:
sudo blkid
# ** Es folgen ein paar Beschreibungen zum Beseitigen von Paketmanager-Problemen bei Ubuntu/Debian bzw. nervigen Warnmeldungen:
# * 1. * Fehlermeldung von Google Chrome: "Repository 'http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release' changed its 'Origin' value from 'Google, Inc.' to 'Google LLC'"
sudo apt update
# `accept explicitly' wird verlangt – d.h. `y' eingeben!
# * 2. * Fehlermeldung von Google Earth: "Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-i386/Packages' as repository 'http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb stable InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'i386'"
# Zum Hintergrund: System ist 64 bit:
dpkg --print-architecture # liefert dann: "amd64"
# hat allerdings Kompatibilität:
dpkg --print-foreign-architectures # liefert: "i386"
# dann "[arch=amd64]" in sources.list-Eintrag ergänzen:
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-earth-pro.list
deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb/ stable main
# * 3. * Durch neue Installationen gibt es Dateien, die nicht mehr benötigt werden – oder eine abgebrochene Installation ist nicht sauber beendet – etc. => generelle Bereinigung:
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge
sudo dpkg --configure --pending
# * ?. * Bei weiteren Problemen nach der Fehlermeldung googeln –
# dies hilft meistens ... ;-)
Bitte beachten Sie hierzu auch mein 📄Impressum.
| Erste Fassung: | 07. | April | 2018 |
| Letzte Änderung: | 01. | Januar | 2026 |