Site loading image

Kelas Kata Dalam Bahasa Indonesia Harimurti Kridalaksana Pdf -

In his seminal work Kelas Kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia , Harimurti Kridalaksana

identifies 13 distinct word classes. This classification is widely regarded as one of the most comprehensive and detailed frameworks in Indonesian linguistics, as it includes specific categories like "phatics" (kategori fatis) that other linguists often overlook. The 13 Word Classes (Kategori Kata)

Kridalaksana uses syntactic behavior—how a word functions and relates to others in a sentence—as the primary criteria for these classifications. Verba (Verbs): Action or state words (e.g., makan, lari).

Adjektiva (Adjectives): Words describing qualities or characteristics (e.g., besar, cantik).

Nomina (Nouns): Words referring to objects, people, or concepts (e.g., rumah, keadilan). kelas kata dalam bahasa indonesia harimurti kridalaksana pdf

Pronomina (Pronouns): Words used to replace nouns (e.g., saya, mereka).

Numeralia (Numerals): Words indicating quantity or order (e.g., satu, kedua).

Adverbia (Adverbs): Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., sangat, selalu).

Interogativa (Interrogatives): Question words (e.g., siapa, mengapa). In his seminal work Kelas Kata dalam Bahasa

Demonstrativa (Demonstratives): Words used for pointing or indicating (e.g., ini, itu).

Artikula (Articles): Words that limit or define a noun (e.g., si, sang).

Preposisi (Prepositions): Words showing relationships of time or place (e.g., di, ke).

Konjungsi (Conjunctions): Connecting words (e.g., dan, karena). Definisi: kata kerja yang menyatakan tindakan, proses, atau

Kategori Fatis (Phatics): Words used to initiate or maintain communication without adding propositional meaning (e.g., kok, deh, lah).

Interjeksi (Interjections): Words expressing sudden emotion (e.g., aduh, wah). Key Theoretical Contributions

Syntactic Criteria: Unlike traditional approaches that rely on meaning, Kridalaksana defines a word class as a set of words that share at least similar syntactic behaviors.

Structural Depth: His model accounts for both basic forms and derivatives, as well as single and compound words.

Phatic Importance: He argues that the phatic category is a vital, albeit often ignored, element of natural Indonesian communication. Accessing the Full Text

The book was originally published in 1986 by Gramedia Pustaka Utama and has seen multiple reprints, including a significant 4th edition in 2005. While full PDFs are subject to copyright, you can find detailed summaries or digital previews through platforms like: Kelas kata dalam bahasa indonesia - 2005

2. Kelas Kata Verbal

  • Definisi: kata kerja yang menyatakan tindakan, proses, atau keadaan.
  • Contoh: makan, berlari, tertidur, mempelajari.
  • Ciri morfologis: dapat mengalami afiksasi (me-, di-, ber-, ter-, pe-...-an) dan perubahan aspek.
  • Fungsi sintaktis: predikat utama dalam klausa, dapat membentuk frasa verbal.
  • Aspek dan transitivitas: verba transitif vs intransitif; verba aktif, pasif, refleksif.

Mastering Word Classes in Indonesian: A Deep Dive into Harimurti Kridalaksana’s Seminal Work (PDF Guide)

4. Kelas Kata Adverbial (Keterangan)

  • Definisi: kata yang memberi keterangan pada verba, adjektiva, atau klausa.
  • Contoh: cepat, sangat, kemarin, di sini.
  • Jenis: keterangan waktu, tempat, cara, sebab, tujuan.
  • Ciri: sering berdiri sendiri tanpa afiks; dapat membentuk frasa adverbial.
c. Adjektiva (Adjectives / Kata Sifat)
  • Definition: Words that describe the nature or quality of a noun.
  • Characteristics:
    • Can be modified by degree markers (sangat, paling, agak, lebih).
    • Usually function as modifiers in a Noun Phrase.
  • Examples: Indah, besar, cepat, bersih.
  • Note: Kridalaksana distinguishes strictly between Adjektiva and Verba. In Indonesian, some words act like adjectives but are structurally treated differently than verbs.